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2014–2015 eruption of Bárðarbunga
The 2014 eruption of Bárðarbunga was an eruption in the Bárðarbunga volcanic system in Iceland that began on the 29th August 2014 and ended on the 27th February 2015. The eruption has emitted large volumes of sulphur dioxide and impacted air quality in Iceland. There was no effect on flights outside of the immediate vicinity as the eruption didn't produce a significant amount of volcanic ash. The eruption took place in the lava field of Holuhraun northeast of the Bárðarbunga caldera proper.
== Overview ==
Seismic activity surrounding the Bárðarbunga volcano gradually increased from 2007 to 2014, with a brief respite during the eruption at Grímsvötn in 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Articles | Seismicity | Icelandic Meteorological office )〕 By the summer of 2014 activity reached a level similar to that just before the Grímsvötn eruption. In May 2014 there was a small earthquake swarm of about 200 events. GPS data recorded a displacement of 14 cm in this region since the beginning of this bout of activity, compared to a figure of 2 cm over the rest of Iceland. This displacement is attributed to the separation of two continental plates, the Eurasian Plate in the east and the North American Plate in the west, over a mantle plume - as Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Up to now, it is not yet clear, if the tectonic activity activates magma production, or if the hot spot (ie. the mantle plume) intensifies tectonic activity. But it seems that the hot spot is going through more active phases from time to time producing more magma and more eruptions and this is combined with rifting. Two earthquake swarms were detected with continuous activity since the beginning of the event, one at Bárðarbunga caldera attributed to subsidence as the magma chamber empties, and the other at the head of a dyke which extends about 5–8 km below the surface and about 40 km to the north-east which has extended away from the volcano and cleared the edge of the glacier. Some evidence of minor sub-glacial eruptions occurred as early as 23 August when tremors were detected, but it was not until 29 August when lava erupted at the fissure creating a crater and substantial lava field to the north of the glacier in Holuhraun.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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